Eliza Jane Nicholson
Eliza Jane Nicholson was born in Mississippi into a wealthy family in 1843. Though girls in her privileged situation typically would marry and live lives of leisure, Eliza Jane wanted to work. More specifically, she wanted to write — and get paid for it. Her parents were quite shocked by this, however, and so to escape their scorn, she moved to New Orleans. She began writing for the Daily Picayune — which later morphed into what we know as the Times-Picayune — and soon fell in love with the publisher. They got married, and she continued growing her career as a regular writer and as literary editor for the newspaper, contributing book reviews, poems and other pieces under the pen name “Pearl Rivers.” She also edited the newspaper, reading every word before it hit the press. Her husband died four years after they married, and she inherited ownership of the Daily Picayune. The newspaper was almost bankrupt at the time, and family members encouraged her to give it up. She was determined to keep it alive though, and she did, establishing herself as the first female publisher of a major daily newspaper in the U.S. She started hiring a lot of women for her staff, even at a time when most other newspapers had none. (One of her hires, Dorothy Dix, wrote an advice column in the Daily Picayune that became so popular that newspapers around the country began to publish it — at her height, she had an audience of 60 million readers.) Ultimately, she grew the newspaper to be one of the biggest in the Gulf South.